Why Do Market Economies Need Government United Kingdoms Economic Essay

Why Do Market Economies Need Government United Kingdoms Economic growth, Inflation and Unemployment - Essay Example Such situations create disadvantages of buyers and reduce buyer surplus for those particular markets. For this reason, free market economy can potentially impinge on the rights of a certain segment in the economy (Acemoglu, Golosov and Tsyvinski, 2008). A fair exchange implies a relationship of equality between the persons concerned, which is absent in these scenarios. Sometimes, in a market economy the employer and the employee are not in a relationship of equality. The employer can attempt to dictate terms to the employees, therefore, a safeguarding body is required to ensure payment of minimum wages and to enforce health & safety measures (Agarwal, 2007). Government presence in needed in such situation to ensure rights of certain groups is not compromised. ii) Governments are needed to provide provision of pubic goods whose benefits are distributed over a very large population. For instance, creation of roads and national defense cannot be provided by a private enterprise. Government interventions are needed in the market economic system for these provisions (Halm, 2003). iii) Governments are also needed in market economic systems to provide social security to the citizens of the country. A market economic system cannot find mechanism to transfer funds from rich to poor. Governments serve the purpose of reducing income differences between rich and poor in an economy (Sharma, 2009). Government invention is, therefore, essential for redistribution of wealth and income for a healthy society. United Kingdom’s Economic Performance During Last Ten Years Growth Performance data of United Kingdom’s economy is graphed below. The data exhibits that the economic performance and growth rate of United Kingdom’s economy was at peak in the year 2000. The growth rate of the economy was highest which implies that the standard of living of UK citizens was increasing at a very rapid pace. GROWTH PERFORMANCE Year GDP Change 2000 3.90% 2001 2.50% 2002 2.10% 2003 2.80% 2004 3.00% 2005 2.20% 2006 2.90% 2007 2.60% 2008 0.60% 2009 ?4.9% 2010 2.10% 2011 0 .70% Growth of UK’s economy hit the bottom in the year 2009. It appeared that the economy is on the path of improvement in the year 2010; however, growth figures were low again for the year 2011. Growth Performance the annual inflation figures of UK economy shows that inflation is rising even though growth rate of the economy is slow. Such figures are considered alarming because standard of living of people is compromised in two manners – through low income growth, at the same time, a considerably high level of inflation (Baumol and Blinder, 2011). Annual Inflation Year Inflation Rate 2000 2.1% 2001 2.7% 2002 1.3% 2003 2.9% 2004 2.6% 2005 3.2% 2006 2.4% 2007 4.2% 2008 4.1% 2009 0.1% 2010 3.7% 2011 5.1% Unemployment Rate of UK’s economy is exhibiting a trend of rising with the inflation rate of the economy. This is considered one of the most challenging macroeconomic situations in macroeconomic text books. This is because a high inflation is generally associated with lower levels of unemployment since all factors of productions are considered to be highly utilized. Rising unemployment with inflation indicates major issues with the economy which need to be resolved (Henderson, 2003). Unemployment Rate Year Rate 2001 5.1% 2002 5.2% 2003 5.0% 2004 4.8% 2005 4.8% 2006 5.4% 2007 5.4% 2008 5.6% 2009 7.5% 2010 7.9% Deflationary Gaps and Appropriate Policy Responses Deflationary gap in an economy is

Impact of Thatchers Right-to-Buy Policy

Impact of Thatchers Right-to-Buy Policy Analyse the impact of Margaret Thatchers right-to-buy policy in the Housing Act, 1980. As Margaret Thatcher was preparing for the 1979 general election, she promised in her Conservative manifesto that if in power, she would attempt to privatize some of Britains industries that were state owned. One of the industries that she highlighted to be of importance was that of giving the British people the opportunity to buy their state owned home which would give the working classes an opportunity that was never previously presented before them. Thatcher and the Conservatives decisively beat the Labour Party on the 3rd May 1975 and Thatcher, who was now the first female Prime Minister of Britain, stuck to her promises of the right-to-buy social housing and in 1980, the Housing Act was passed. In this essay, the consequences of the Housing Act from the time of its inception, up until the modern day will be analysed. Since Thatchers policy was enacted, there has been a radical decrease in the amount of housing that is state owned and an increase in people that own their own prop erty. In most parts of Britain, there is little social housing in Britain and a great deal of homelessness because of the realities of Right-to-Buy (RTB). Many homeowners have become wealthy landlords who have rented their ex-council homes out for up to five times more than the rent of council tenants. With the increase in homeowners but a decrease in social housing, was the right-to-buy policy that was created by Thatcher a success in the modern day? Before an analysis of Thatchers Right to Buy policy takes place, it is imperative that a study of the creation of council housing be undertaken. Council housing (the term for public housing constructed by local government authorities in the United Kingdom), was a policy that was dedicated to re-housing low income families into state owned properties that were subsided.[1] This particular policy came about following the devastation and aftermath of the First World War and the state of slums in Britain. The need to re-house families arose from an ongoing policy of slum clearance in the 1920s and 1930s; a need heightened from the 1940s onwards because 4 million UK houses were seriously damaged or destroyed by bombing following the Second World War.[2] Britain faced a serious housing problem following 1945, and large areas of the cities with serious bomb damage (such as London in the south and Coventry in the midlands) had to be completely cleared and rebuilt.[3]ÂÂ   Helped by the n ew Labour government in 1945 (which promised the social welfare programme to improve the living standards of all in Britain), alongside the implementation of the 1946 Land Acquisitions Act, which allowed local authorities to purchase land for new houses to be built, council house building was done on a vast scale after 1945 and continued well into the 1970s.[4] By 1979 and at the time of the British general election, around 32% of all homes in Britain were council houses, totalling some 6.5 million properties.[5] The selling of state homes in Britain was not an invention of Thatcher and the Conservatives in 1979. Rather, state owned homes were being sold off in the 1920s, but as Alan Murie argues, it was done on such a smaller scale compared to that of the Thatcher government.[6] In as far back as the nineteenth century, housing legislation required that council-built dwelling in redevelopment areas should be sold within 10 years of completion.[7] In the 1950s, sales of social housing increased from the 1920s and by May 1956, over five thousand homes were sold (and that was just in 1956!).[8] It was not until the late 1960s however, when campaigning Conservative local councils undertook successful sales schemes, that Party elites reconceived the idea as an attractive and tenable policy option.[9] By the 1970s, the debate over the right to buy social housing was getting heated. In 1972, Peter Walker (Conservative Environment Secretary, 15 October 1970 5 November 1972) announced at the annual party conference that he believed council tenants who wished to purchase their homes had a very basic right to do so, alongside a discount which applied to those who had stayed at their property long enough.[10]ÂÂ   Michael Hazeltine, the shadow environment secretary in 1979, also a conservative and one of Margaret Thatchers closest colleagues, agreed with Walker and urged Thatcher that if they were to win the next election, a RTB policy should be created for the 400,000+ people that were in a position to buy their own homes.[11] Thatcher, known for her principles of privatization, did not take much swaying from Hazeltine and used this revolutionary policy as a selling point to the people of Britain in the build up to the 1979 general election where Thatcher was in contention to become the first ever female Prime Minister of Britain.[12] In the Conservative manifesto of 1979, Margaret Thatcher emphasised considerably on the issue of housing. Under the heading Helping the Family, the housing topic stretched across one and a half pages. This was more than important issues such as education and the state of the National Health Service, issues that were usually seen as pivotal as a selling point in a partys manifesto. Thatchers emphasis was as Alan Murie states, on home ownership and on tax cuts, lower mortgage rates, and special schemes to make purchase easier. More important than anything else, the selling of council houses was the radical approach to enable working class people to be able to afford the right to buy their own homes. She suggested that the longer the tenant stayed at their council property, the relevant discount should be made, to a maximum of fifty per cent for tenants of twenty years. Thatcher was always a firm believer of letting the individual be in control and the state should be involved in as lit tle as possible. What this meant with regards to housing is that social housing costs the government a vast amount of money. Privatizing the housing sector to those that can afford to buy their own property allowed to free up government funds, as well as giving people the opportunity to buy where before it was not possible. Upon winning the election of 1979, Thatcher went about getting her Housing Act approved by parliament as soon as possible. However, she and her environment secretary Michael Hazeltine faced fierce opposition to the act from the Labour Party and the House of Lords, and it took nearly eighteen months for the act to be finally approved by parliament (3rd October 1980). Upon Thatchers parliamentary victory, she introduced her Housing Act policies in a special television broadcast. If you have been a council tenant for at least three years, you will have the right, by law, to buy your house, she claimed. The right to buy, as it was coined, became the slogan which would transform the housing market in the present day. Andy Beckett argues that the right to buy slogan was clever, clear, easy to say, easy to remember, and combining two of modern Britains favourite preoccupations, personal freedom and purchasing, while also encapsulating the more seductive side of what the Thatcher government was offering the country, he also added that her use of the word house in the special broadcast, when millions of council tenants actually lived in flats, was also significant. It gave the policy an aspirational flavour: reassuringly suburban rather than proletarian and urban. What Thatcher wanted to do with this special broadcast was to catch the attention of the masses of Britain. As the working classes were becoming more and more disassociated with politics, it was in Thatchers interest to reignite their interest. Knowing that this particular policy was radical, Thatcher wanted to make sure that everyone from any background could be effected by the implementation of the Housing Act. As television was becoming more readily available to the people of Britain, it was shrewd of Thatcher and the Conservative party to advertise right to buy due to the benefits of television, where it had the ability to see Thatcher persuading the public in a way where it felt she was in every living ro om in Britain. [1] Disney, R. (2010). The right to buy public housing in Britain: A welfare analysis. Institute of Fiscal Studies. 05 (1), p3. [2] Ibid. [3] McDonald, J. A. (2011). Urban Economics and Real Estate: Theory and Policy. Massachusetts: John Wiley Sons, Inc. p222. [4] Leventhal, F. M (2002). Twentieth-century Britain: an encyclopaedia. London: Peter Lang Publishing Inc. p136. [5] Disney, R. (2010). The right to buy public housing in Britain: A welfare analysis. Institute of Fiscal Studies. 05 (1), p3. [6] Murie, A (2006). Right to Buy. London: Wiley-Blackwell. p112. [7] Ibid. [8] Beckett, A. (2015). The right to buy: the housing crisis that Thatcher built. Available: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/aug/26/right-to-buy-margaret-thatcher-david-cameron-housing-crisis. Last accessed 3rd March 2017. [9] Davies, A. R. (2013). Right to Buy: The Development of a Conservative Housing Policy, 1945 1980. Contemporary British History. 27 (4), p3. [10] Beckett, A. (2015). The right to buy: the housing crisis that Thatcher built. Available: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/aug/26/right-to-buy-margaret-thatcher-david-cameron-housing-crisis. Last accessed 3rd March 2017. [11] Murie, A (2016). The Right to Buy?: Selling off Public and Social Housing. London: Policy Press. p75. [12] Holmes, M (1989). Thatcherism: Scope and Limits, 1983-87. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p226.

Free Essays on Mansfields The Dolls House :: Dolls House essays

The Doll's House      A contributing factor to the story "The Doll's House" by Katherine Mansfield is the characterization of Kezia as she travels in her innocence through the symbolic world of experience.   Kezia is essential to the plot because she represents a taboo, offering opposition to common ways of thinking. Through the portrayal of Kezia, as she interacts as the symbolic eccentric, Mansfield emphasizes the powers and blind justification of conformity within a society. The story commences with the arrival of the doll's house sent to the Burnell children.   The Burnells take a great liking to this new acquisition.   As the two older children admire the red carpet, red plush chairs, and gold frames of this highly ornamented house, Kezia, the youngest of the girls, takes an interest in the rather simple lamp. In fact, "what she liked more than anything, what she liked frightfully, was the lamp." This infatuation symbolizes her impeccability in comparison to the others as she is drawn to the unadorned lamp. Kezia proceeds to find fault with the state and proportions of the doll's house and perfection with the lamp in its simplicity.   As others take interests in the gaudy nature of the house, Kezia rebels:   "But the lamp was perfect.   It seemed to smile at Kezia, to say `I live here.' The lamp was so real." Conflict intensifies as Kezia remains the odd ball.   The appreciation of the lamp is a metaphor for the actions to come. Kezia likes the lamp because she does not know any better.   Thus, she decides to befriend the Kelveys because she doesn't see anything wrong in doing so.   The Kelveys are a family that are shunned because of their economic status.   Throughout the town, "Many of the children, including the Burnnels, were not allowed even to speak to them."   Without a second thought, school children and their families followed in the consuming tradition of looking down upon these unprivileged people.   Kezia offers offset to this common path of thinking and questions such a blind following.   She asks her mother, "Can't I ask the Kelveys just once?" To which, the response is, "Run away, Kezia; you know quite well why not." Mansfield successfully expresses the enveloping and controlling nature of conformity through the juxtaposition of Kezia's innocence to the prejudiced views of   those who live in the world of experience.   While others remain to push Kezia's nonconformist

Choosing your theorist and theory

Much research and thought has been put into our school's programs to meet the needs of many diverse learners. Throughout time, theorists have developed any theories that we, as educators, continue to use to this day. Thanks to their contributions, we have been provided with the best educational tools to cultivate young minds today. Every educator has their own opinion as to what theory they think is best. After reading various theories, there is one in particular that I truly believe to be the most beneficial which is The Behaviorism Theory. Behaviorism theory, also now as behavioral psychology Is a theory of learning based upon the Idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning† (Cherry, 2011 B. F Skinner and John B. Watson are the two creators of the behaviorism theory. They stated that development included learned behaviors. These learned behaviors are based on positive and negative experiences within their everyday environments. Every action has a consequence. I think that's a way to look at the way children learn over time.For example; when I was teaching at a different Children's Center, here was a little girl who would cry nonstop till I or someone else picked her up. We believed that at her house, the minute she cried, someone would be there instantly to pick her up. She never learned how to self soothe and knew that crying would get her the attention she wanted. She learned this behavior at home and brought it to school with her, thinking it would also work there. She had never been taught that crying wasn't a way to get what you want. It was our responsibility at school to break that habit.Instead, I would say directly to her, kneeling down to be on her level, â€Å"I will elk to you when you use your words and big girl evolve to tell me what you want†. Over time, she learned that crying wasn't getting her the attention she wanted. She decided to take the approach I offered her instead. This ultimately worked out the best for e veryone involved, her parents included. It was a learned behavior. This is what B. F Skinner defined as Operant Conditioning; which is â€Å"The behavior is followed by a consequence and the nature of the consequences modifies the organisms' tendency to repeat the behavior In the future† (Before, 2000).Operant conditioning can also be used for a positive behavior as well. There was a little boy I recently anatine for, his parents were ready to begin potty training him and they weren't sure how to go about it. After they thought it over, they decided to go about it with a rewards approach. If the little boy sat on the potty for 3 minutes, he'd receive a piece of candy. After a few attempts at sitting on the potty, he caught on. Sit on the potty, get a piece of candy. Then, the trick was to get him to actually go while sitting. When he affably went, Mom was clapping and praising him.He was so happy! She continued praising helm every time he went and he Is now fully potty traine d. Positive reinforcement was key in this situation. This is what's known as â€Å"Continuous Reinforcement†. I truly believe in being a constructive, firm, respectful and motivating educator. Providing a child with an environment full of positive reinforcements and consequences encourages the children to continuously strive to do their best. It children listened really well during circle time, they'll get extra time on the laggardly that afternoon.I believe that children learn in their own ways and grow at different rates. I believe that providing a hands on approach to learning is key in a child's development. There are 5 developmental domains that we as educators really focus on. These domains are physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social development. These different domains can be easily remembered as PILES. There are many ways to help children develop in each of these domains. For example, having age appropriate toys ND activities readily available can help their intellectual and physical domains.I feel that it's important to provide a stimulating environment for children to grow and develop emotionally, socially, and intellectually. Our classroom gives you child the opportunity to learn on many different levels. We provide age appropriate books, crayons, paper, and art activities to help create your child's language development. We encourage the children in our class to work together as a team and form friendships among their peers. By doing this, we are helping develop their social and motional skills.We have full access to our playground as well as our multi-purpose room for all our physical activities. We take advantage of our playground and being outside on a daily basis to keep our kids active and healthy! My classroom is a place where children can laugh and learn throughout the entire day. I feel that applying the theories many educators have set forth helps us provide the best education possible for today's youth. Children are our future and it is our responsibility to help them become the best person they can be.

Degree Appraisals Essay

General Electrics’ Durham, North Carolina assembly employees have a unique work environment in which they build the GE90 jet engine for Boeing. The 9 engine build teams consist of approximately 18 employees who own the entire process of assembling some 10,000 parts perfectly to create one complete engine assembly. The teams are self managed, doing everything from ordering parts and tools to scheduling vacation and overtime. The success of the teams comes from their founding method of agreement by consensus decisions making. In fact, the consensus decision making process has become a way of life to many of these employees, and management decisions are only needed about 12 decisions per year. Although employees don’t always have unanimous agreement, there is seldom any blame when things go wrong because of their strong trusting relationships. This type of consensus management has instilled a high level of trust relationships among the team members and their superiors. These self-managed teams operate in a culture of continuous feedback and rely on management to make them aware of problems and report solutions. Beyond the day-to-day decisions making, any major issues, such as safety and cost, are decided by a task force. The plant manager informs and educates the task force and employees about the problem and why it is important, and the task force decides how to address problems. The task force takes the responsibility to find solutions and decisions are reporting back to plant management on what the future solutions will be. These solutions and decisions made by the task force are communicate to the plant manager and then on to the higher-ups for their buy in. The Plant Manager Paula Sims, who has been on the job 4 years, has proposed to HR that she would like initiate a 360-degree review to supplement existing performance  measures. Ms. Sims’ proposal is met with some concerns from HR, it is assumed that HR has concerns that implementing a new system without a consensus decision will breakdown trust with the employees and limit the willing participation if the 360 review were to be implemented. Root Problem The root problem with Ms. Sims proposal is that the implementation goes directly against the culture of consensus agreement on making decisions for the teams and the plant. Since this would be considered a major change, it should be brought to a task force for review and solution, or at minimum be brought to the attention of all employees. In the past, Ms. Sims has experienced issues of missed trust with the assembly teams and this direct approach with HR for the implementation a new performance measure stands to have an equally negative effect. Alternative Ideas In order to address the root problem, HR would like to propose some alternative ideas to Ms. Sims proposals that could include awareness of GE corporate use general of 360 degree performance measures in other locations. Investigations on the benefits from other GE plants should be presented to employees to gain a better understanding and buy-in of the proposal. Knowing the culture of feedback that exist within the plant, Ms. Sims could call for a task force to investigate the benefits of 360 degree feedback and make a direction decision on the use of 360 degree appraisals. In consideration of alternative ideas, Ms. Sims should consider approaching the employees and HR by providing factual information about the value of peer reviews. For example, â€Å"research shows that appraisals by peers are useful predictors of training success and future performance† (Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S., & Werner, S., 2012). Additionally, since the GE employees are team-based units, it is also been shown that anonymous peer appraisals in teams increase interpersonal effectiveness, group cohesion, communication openness and group satisfaction (Jackson, et al, 2012). Furthermore, she could gain more leverage by stating the success of the peer reviews in other GE facilities, as real life inter-company example. The last alternative is simply do nothing and keep the current system as it is without a 360 degree review. Considering Ms. Sims determination to implement the new appraisal, she should consider a trial basis with a one the nine teams as a test bed  from training implementation and use of the 360 review. As multiple alternatives have been presented, a closer evaluation of each proposal is the necessary to derive the what is believed to the best alternative. 1. Awareness and Buy-in – this alternative looks at bringing awareness to the 360-degree appraisal as a supplemental appraisal by providi ng factual information on the benefits of the program at GE’s jet engine plant. Awareness makes buy-in easier when at the end of the day, you allow the teams to make a decision by consensus on the implementation of the new peer review. 2. Empowered team decision – this alternative simply turns the information and decision back to the team and task force. This alternative is the most cohesive alternative and aligns well with the culture of the company. 3. Trial basis – this alternative assume Ms. Sims pushes her idea forward and assumes she will be met with some resistance during the implementation phase. In this case focusing on a smaller beta test group proves to be easier to manage and create buy-in with when the results show positive improvements. 4. Status Quo – this alternative assumes that nothing is done, no implementation is agreed upon and the current performance measures stay in place without a 360-degree appraisal. Choose an Alternative & Implementation In an effort to maintain the strong trusting relationships that exist at the various levels of team members and management, it is recommended that the alternative proposal of â€Å"awareness and buy-in† be selected and acted upon. Implementation of this plan will begin with Ms. Sims collecting and presenting data from both internal GE resources and external resources to show the benefits of supplementing the current performance appraisals with a 360-degree peer review. Next Ms. Sims must work directly with HR to plan an appropriate training period and plan in conjunction with the roll out of information to the 9 assembly teams. This portion of the preparation should include the consideration of one group to be the test bed or beta group for evaluation purposes. Once the information is presented to all the employees, an internal task force should be commissioned to evaluate the information provided by Ms. Sims for the purpose my allowing the continuance of the consensus culture . There are a multitude of options this management team has in considering the addition of the new peer review. However,  allowing the teams and/or special task force to make the decision on their own and continue to feel the sense of ownership is paramount in the implementation phase of the proposal. Therefore it is recommended that after the beta group is selected and effectively trained, HR and Ms. Sims must monitor the effectiveness of the raters over an initially shorter period of time for the appraisals to take place. This step will be for the purpose of training and evaluation. Based the results from the six months data collection and feedback from the Beta group, Ms. Sims and HR will determine if further training is needed, if the employees are seeing value in the productivity and performance improvements as a result of using the 360 degree appraisals. If the results are positive the information will be shared with the task force and all employees for further implementation and training, beyond the beta group. Reference Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S., & Werner, S (2012). Managing Human Resources (11th edition)., Mason, OH: South-Western

Intrusion Detection Systems Essays

Intrusion Detection Systems Essays Intrusion Detection Systems Paper Intrusion Detection Systems Paper Intrusion Detection Systems In 1980, James Anderson’s paper, Computer Security Threat Monitoring and Surveillance, bore the notion of intrusion detection. Through government funding and serious corporate interest allowed for intrusion detection systems(IDS) to develope into their current state. So what exactly is IDS? An IDS is used to detect malicious network traffic and computer usage through attack signatures. The IDS watches for attacks not only from incoming internet traffic but also for attacks that originate in the system. When a potential attack is detected the IDS logs the information and sends an alert to the console. How the alert is detected and handled at is dependent on the type of IDS in place. Through this paper we will discuss the different types of IDS and how they detect and handle the alerts, the difference between a passive and a reactive system and some general IDS intrusion invasion techniques. First lets go over what the difference is between a passive and a reactive IDS. In a passive IDS the sensor of detects an potential threat then logs the information and sends an alert to the console. With a reactive IDS, also known as an intrusion prevention system(IPS), the threat would be detected and logged. Then the reactive IDS would either reset the connection or reprogram the firewall to block network traffic from the suspected source, which could be automatic or at the control of an operator. Therefore a reactive system will act in response to the threat were as a passive system will only log and send an alert to the console informing the operator of a threat. There are many types of intrusion detection systems, network intrusion detection, host based, protocol based, application protocol based, anomaly based and hybrid. The first one we are going to discus is network intrusion detection systems or NIDS. With NIDS the system attempts to detect threats and attacks, such as denial of service attacks, port scans and attempts to hack into computers by monitoring the network traffic in real time through a promiscuous connection. It does so by first filtering out all known non-malicious traffic and then analyzing the remaining incoming packets for suspicious patterns that could be threats. It is not however limited to just analyzing incoming packets, the system also analyzes the outgoing local traffic, in case of an attack/threat that originates inside of the local network. Snort is an example of this. Host based intrusion detection systems unlike network intrusion detection systems, which focus on a computing system’s external interfaces, host based systems focus on the monitoring and examination of the computing system’s internals. Host based systems are more concerned with the changes in state of a computing system. It detects these changes by analyzing system specific logs either in real time or periodically. When there is any change in the logs the IDS will compare the current configuration of the security policy to the changes and react accordingly. An example of this would be tripwire. Protocol based intrusion detection systems (PIDS) monitor the dynamic behavior and state of the protocol. In a typical setup there is a system or agent sitting at the front end of the server. This agent or system monitors the communication protocol between the computing system, it is trying to protect, and a connected device. The main goal of protocol based IDS is to impose the proper use of the protocol used between the protected computing system and all connected devices. Bro and sort are examples of protocol based intrusion detection systems. Application protocol based intrusion detection systems (APIDS) are used to monitor the protocols specific to certain applications and protocols being used by the computing system. The typical setup, similar to protocol based IDS, consists of a system or agent that sits in front of a group of servers where it will monitor and analyze the communication protocols specific to applications. An example would be to have an APIDS between a web server and a database system where the APIDS monitors the SQL protocol being used between them. Anomaly based intrusion detection systems detect attacks and threats through the monitoring of system activity and classifying it based on heuristic or rules instead of patterns and signatures. The IDS classifies activity as either normal or anomalous based on its analysis. Since the classification is determined by heuristic or rules it has a significant advantage over systems that use signatures. In signature based detection the signature has to have been previously created where in anomaly based any type of use that doesn’t coincide with the normal use of the system will be detected malicious or not. Snort is an example of this type of system. Hybrid intrusion detection systems consist of a combination of one or more approaches to intrusion detection systems. Typically you would use a host based IDS and a network IDS to develop an extensive overview of the entire network. The biggest benefit that a hybrid IDS has over any single type of IDS is the large amount of sensors it has to detect malicious activity. Prelude is an example of an hybrid IDS. As with any other type of security device there will always be some one looking for holes in the fence. Intrusion detection systems are no different. Through many intrusion invasion techniques people are able to avoid detection by changing the states of the IDS and the targeted computing system by manipulating the attack or the network traffic that contains the attack. Some of the techniques we will cover in this paper are obfuscating attack payload fragmentation and small packets, overlapping fragments, protocol violations, inserting traffic at the IDS, denial of service. Obfuscating attack payload is simply what it means, which is to encode the attack so that the IDS will be unable to reverse the packets but the target computer can. A way to do this is through encoding attack packets with a Unicode character in which an IDS recognize but an IIS server will be able decode thus being attacked. You can also use polymorphic code in so that you can trick signature-based IDSs by creating unique attack patterns so there is not a distinct attack signature that can be easily detected. Another technique used to evade IDS is through fragmentation and small packets. With this technique you simply just split the packets up into smaller packets or create packets with a small payload also known as ‘session splicing’. Although small packets alone, will not be enough to evade an IDS with a packet reassembler. Hope is not lost though you can still modify the packets to complicate reassembly. One way to confuse the reassembler is to pause between sending parts of the attack in hope that the reassembler will time out but not the target computer. Another way is to send the packets out of order so that the reasssembler gets confused but the target computer does not. An IDS evasion technique, known as overlapping fragments, uses TCP sequence numbers to confuse the IDS. It basically creates a series of packets with TCP sequence numbers configured to overlap. So for example you send the first packet that includes 80 bytes you then send the second packet with a sequence number of 76 bytes after the start of the first packet. The target computer, when it tries to reassemble the TCP stream, has to decide how to handle the 4 bytes that overlapping. Some systems take it from the older data and some from the newer data, it is dependent on the operating system of the target computer. Protocol violations are another technique of IDS intrusion invasion. Using protocol violations you simply exploit known violations to a protocol that will be interpreted differently by the IDS than by the target computer. An example of this would be to use the TCP Urgent Pointer that is handled differently by different operating systems and the IDS may not handle it correctly. Another evasion technique is inserting traffic at the IDS. This is where you send packets that the IDS will see but the target computer will not. This is accomplished by simply crafting packets whose time to live fields have been configured to reach the IDS but not the target computer. This creates a situation where the IDS is in a different state than the target computer. Denial of service attacks or DoS attacks, are used to evade detection by overloading and disabling the IDS. To achieve this the attack will exploit a known bug in the IDS using up computational resources needed by the IDS. This can also be accomplished by intentional generating a large number of alerts to set up a front to hide the real attack. Utilities such as stick and snot are designed to send a large amount of attack signatures across a network to spawn a large number of IDS alerts. However this will only work on IDSs that do not maintain application protocol context. As you can see with the numerous ways around intrusion detection systems, as with any network security system, there is no complete security solution. Even with this there will always be a need for intrusion detection systems. The best of which would be a combination of network and host based IDSs, in other words a hybrid IDS. These will give you the benefits of both worlds of IDS and allow for greater security. Whatever your opinion on which solution is right for you, intrusion detection systems are here to stay and are a valuable tool in network security. Resources securityfocus. com/infocus/1514

Michelangelos Tomb of Giuliano de Medici essays

Michelangelo's Tomb of Giuliano de' Medici essays Michelangelos Tomb of Giuliano de Medici One of the most famous artists ever known since the 16th century is a man by the name of Michelangelo Buonarroti. He has composed art that is both breathtaking and unmatched in such skills as painting, sculpture, architecture and poetry. Some of his most famous works of sculpture that he composed are standing in the Medici Chapel in Florence, Italy even today. I would like to speak of a particular piece contained in the Chapel entitled Tomb of Giuliano de Medici. First I would like to say a few words concerning Michelangelos financial status for materials and his visions for the figure. According to the book entitled, Michelangelo: The Complete Sculpture, Painting, and Architecture; Michelangelo was an aristocratic artist working for the pope and had a nearly unlimited budget in the 1520s. Michelangelo also had a legendary ability to judge the quality of a block of marble; it was even said that he could see the figure imprisoned in it.(Pg.213) I think that this quote from author, William E. Wallace, shows a very interesting background in Michelangelos finances and genius. He had made numerous life-size statues with handpicked blocks of marble. Wallace also states that some experts believe Michelangelos financial backing helped contribute to the beauty of his work. I was not sure how to take that comment at first, but after looking at many of Michelangelos sculptures, I think the fact that he was particular about the quality of block which was used shows that he was a master that wanted to depict figures that were unequivocally beautiful, muscular, and harmo nious. The Tomb of Giuliano de Medici is an example of Michelangelos mastery of both muscular figures as well as composition. The piece was worked on from 1519 through 1534. The piece contains three figures. The elevated central figure in the pie...

Cómo notificar a USCIS el cambio de dirección

Cà ³mo notificar a USCIS el cambio de direccià ³n El deber de notificar todos los cambios de direccià ³n al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) afecta prcticamente a todos los extranjeros presentes en Estados Unidos. En este artà ­culo se explica quià ©nes estn obligados a notificar el cambio de domicilio, cà ³mo se hace y cules son las consecuencias si se incumple con esa obligacià ³n. Finalmente, se explica cà ³mo notificar cambio de direccià ³n a una corte migratoria cuando se tiene un asunto pendiente. Extranjeros obligados a notificar cambio de direccin a USCIS La obligacià ³n de notificar el cambio de direccià ³n en el plazo de 10 dà ­as a contar desde que se hizo la mudanza aplica a todos los extranjeros presentes en Estados Unidos excepto: Diplomticos con  visa ARepresentantes en organizaciones internaciones como la ONU o la OEA con  visa GTuristas que ingresaron sin visa por un tiempo no superior a los 30 dà ­as Adems, y por razones evidentes, los migrantes indocumentados que NO tienen ningà ºn asunto pendiente con USCIS no estn obligados ni deben notificar sus domicilios o mudanzas. Cmo se notifica el cambio de direccina USCIS La notificacià ³n de cambio de domicilio sigue tres reglas distintas segà ºn las caracterà ­sticas migratorias del extranjero. En primer lugar, las personas que tengan pendiente o recientemente aprobada una de las peticiones siguientes: Peticià ³n  I-360 para VAWA, viudos, inmigrantes especiales o amerasiticosPeticià ³n  I-914 para la visa T de và ­ctimas de trfico humanoPeticià ³n  I-918 para la visa U de và ­ctimas de violenciaPeticià ³n  I-765V para permiso de trabajo de cà ³nyuge abusado de no inmigrantePeticià ³n I-485 para ajuste de estatus SOLO caso de cà ³nyuge abusado en aplicacià ³n de Ley de Ajuste  Cubano. En todos esos casos mencionados, el extranjero debe llenar el formulario de papel AR-11 y enviarlo a: USCISVermont Service Center75 Lower Welden  StreetSt. Albans, VT 05479-0001 En segundo lugar, los extranjeros con casos pendientes que no estn incluidos en el apartado anterior deben notificar a USCIS el cambio de domicilio y tambià ©n al centro local que està © tramitando su peticià ³n. Puede hacerse de dos maneras: Enviando a USCIS formulario de papel AR-11 y marcando al  1-800-375-5283. Son imprescindibles los dos pasos.Notificando online el cambio de direccià ³n. En este caso, solo es necesario un paso porque al acabar de llenar el formulario se puede elegir la opcià ³n de continuar para notificar al centro que est tramitando la peticià ³n pendiente. En tercer lugar, todos los extranjeros que no tienen ninguna peticià ³n pendiente con USCIS pueden notificar el cambio de domicilio online o por correo ordinario empleando la planilla AR-11, cualquier forma es vlida pero solo se debe utilizar una. En el caso de estar presente en Estados Unidos con una visa de estudiante internacional tipo F-1 o una visa de intercambio J-1 - o la J-2 de dependientes- la notificacià ³n del cambio de direccià ³n  puede hacerse contactando con la oficina que lleva asuntos de visas en la institucià ³n que la solicità ³, generalmente es la Office of International Affairs, pero puede ser otra dependiendo de la institucià ³n. El cambio se harà ­a modificando los datos en el Sistema de Informacià ³n de Estudiantes y Visitantes de Intercambio  (SEVIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). La obligacià ³n debe cumplirse cada vez que el extranjero se mude. Cul es la penalidad por no notificar a USCIS el cambio de direccin? La ley dice que no cumplir con esa obligacià ³n es una falta (misdemeanor, en inglà ©s) que puede ser castigada con una multa de $200 y un mximo de 30 dà ­as en prisià ³n. Adems, es decisià ³n del USCIS si decide deportar a quien no ha cumplido con esta obligacià ³n. Para esto à ºltimo, y en el caso de los residentes permanentes legales, el USCIS tendrà ­a que poder demostrar que no se notificà ³ el cambio de domicilio de forma intencional y sin excusa. 2 consejos sobre cambio de direccin En primer lugar, si se est en Estados Unidos con una visa o se tiene una peticià ³n migratoria pendiente, es altamente recomendable guardar una copia de todos los avisos de cambio de domicilio que se le hacen a USCIS. Si se hace online en la pgina de USCIS se pueden guardar pantallazos de todas las pginas cuando se est cubriendo el formulario.   En segundo lugar, si se est esperando la tarjeta de residencia, si es posible, trate de no mudarse hasta que tenga en mano la green card. El USCIS la envà ­a por correo y si llega a la direccià ³n antigua para recuperarla ser necesario llenar el formulario I-90 de reemplazo de tarjeta. Adems, si el Servicio de Correos no se la devuelve a USCIS ser necesario no solo llenar el formulario   I-90, sino que tambià ©n habr que pagar de nuevo la tarifa de $455, segà ºn las tasas actuales, ms $85 por la toma de datos biomà ©tricos. Cambio de direccincon Corte Migratoria Diferente a la obligacià ³n de notificar al USCIS es la de notificar a la Corte Migratoria y que afecta solo a los extranjeros en Estados Unidos que tienen un procedimiento pendiente ante Corte o ante el Tribunal de Apelaciones Migratorias (BIA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En este caso tiene  la obligacià ³n de notificar en un plazo de cinco dà ­as no solo el cambio de domicilio, sino tambià ©n el de nà ºmero de telà ©fono. Solo se admite realizar la notificacià ³n en un documento oficial de la Oficina Ejecutiva de Revisià ³n Migratoria (EOIR, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Una vez que se completan los datos, debe doblarlo y sellarlo siguiendo las instrucciones, ponerle un sello y enviarlo. Esta planilla se convierte en un sobre e incluye la direccià ³n del destinatario. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

WORLDVIEW ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WORLDVIEW - Assignment Example (Clooney, 2010). It is highly associated with the birth, life, death and resurrection of Christ Jesus and those who believe and follow his teachings. Christians are the followers Christ and Christianity is the religion. According to St. Paul, Christianity has a foundation in the body and the soul of Christ Jesus, believed to be the son of God. According St. John, Jesus is the Lamb of God who came down to salvage man from his sin. They also believe that, it is only through Christ that mankind will receive salvation and that Jesus has sat on the right of God. Christianity was mainly a religion of the West but has spread to the rest of the continent and become the main largest religion all over the world. In the New Testament, Christians identify themselves with Jesus Christ as their true savior and the only son of God. According to St. Matthew, Jesus is the lamb of light and He links human beings with God. They believe that, through Christ, man will able to see God. St Peter in his teachings encourages the gentiles to accept and identify themselves Christ Jesus the savior. They believe in forgiveness of sins through Christ. Modern Christians identify themselves with British Israelis, descendants of Israelites who taken to captivity by the army of Assyria. They believe that White Christians are still the God’s chosen race and that Christ is an Israelite from Judah. The meaning of Christianity derived from Christ and his followers the Christians, hence the name Christianity as a religion. The major purpose of the believers is to spread the Gospel to rest the world. They believe in a sacred book called the Bible as a true word of God. The Bible manifests the will and teaching of God to those ordained filled with the Holy Spirit. According to St. Paul, Jesus ordains his followers and gives authority to spread salvation to all. They had total faith in

Susan Schwartz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Susan Schwartz - Essay Example Term used for determining the target market is â€Å"market segmentation† (Daniel, 2012). Market segmentation can be defined as a process of â€Å"dividing a market into smaller groups of buyers with distinct needs, characteristics, behaviors, etc. that might require separate products or marketing mixes† (Bragg, n.d.). When the target market is to be determined for a certain product, its traits need to be studied first. It might be useful either for people of a certain age group or all age groups, a certain culture or all cultures, a certain religion or all religions, and a certain ethnicity or all ethnicities. These factors need to be considered. Three factors that play a pivotal role in the selection of target market are the size and growth of segment, its structural attractiveness, and the goals and resources of business. Modification of a product design to expand the consumer base by incorporating the requirements of a lot of communities makes the target market subj ective. â€Å"I dont know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please everybody† (Cosby cited in Bragg,

Warner Bros Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Warner Bros - Research Paper Example Although Warner Bros. is presently a highly successful company, it has experienced various difficulties in the past considering that its initiation was never smooth sailing. Being the only company alongside MGM amongst the Big Five to evade financial collapse throughout the Depression, it was adverse to MGM in a number of ways. Whereas MGM had remained deluxe during the Depression, Warners managed to survive through siphoning off approximately one-quarter of its total assets during early 1930s and by establishing a mentality that was ruthlessly cost-efficient, as well as factory-oriented mass-production. That symbolized stretched budgets on all features, a more re-organized studio operation, reduction in contract personnel, together with a highly formulaic, as well as routinized tackling of its films and filmmaking. This resulted in Warners splitting its output almost evenly between the A-class star vehicles and a steady output of B pictures. Warners B picture could not be mistaken f or anything else; furthermore, in most cases, Warners often allocated their mid-range stars such as Ann Sheridan and Humphrey Bogart unto low-budget jobs, thereby promptly suspending them if they attempted to balk (Gino, Simone, Lars, Florian 13). Warners happened to be the only family-run studio amongst the Big Five, with the company president Harry M. Warner who was the elder sibling, perceived as the most cost-conscious amongst the Big Five chief executives. On the other hand, the younger brother, i.e. Jack Warner, managed the studio-factory; while filmmaking operations were under the supervision of two longtime studio executives with Hal B. Wallis overseeing the production of all A-class pictures, whereas Bryan Foy controlled Warners’ B-picture production. Although Wallis turned out to be an able administrator who was certainly competent as a creative executive, he was not as competent as Darryl Zanuck, who was his predecessor at production chief at Warners, who ascended through the screenwriting positions to executive status. Wallis depended on a staff of associate producers, who did not have the capability of receiving screen credit until 1942 yet wielded extensive authority over A-class production at Warners. A number of them notably Henry Blanke, Mark Hellinger, Robert Lord and Jerry Wald were either former directors or writers, thereby getting close involvement in all phases of production. Apart from that, Warners had a staff of competent, effectual directors, such as Michael Curtiz, William Keighley, William Dieterle, Raoul Walsh and Lloyd Bacon. A small number of them had considerable power over particular star genre formulations, for instance Curtiz on the Flynn vehicles and Lloyd Bacon on Cagney’s action pictures (Sandler 34). Warners’ strategy of depending on half-dozen star genre formulas for its A-class pictures started to change in the prewar era due to various reasons. In late 1939, Paul Muni departed from the company so as to seek freelance status thereby letting Edward G. Robinson to be in charge as resident biopic star whereas the studio brass re-evaluated their commitment to the genre. In the meantime, there was the dropping of musical production owing to the defection of Busby Berkeley to MGM. Moreover, Warners responded to the even more competitive market by modifying its formulas, as well as by

Principles of Criminal Investigation Term Paper

Principles of Criminal Investigation - Term Paper Example However, lack of advanced forensic technology in the 1980s can be regarded as one of the reasons it took too long to link someone with the Green River killings. In 1982, authorities found five murdered women in the Green River. One unique thing about the murders is that all the killings had happened through strangling and the murdered women practiced prostitution. The discovery of the bodies alerted the locals on a possibility of having a serial killer targeting prostitutes. The area where the murdered bodies were discovered had Sheriff Officers and everyone had optimism that the murders would be resolved as soon as possible. Contrary to locals’ expectations, more bodies were discovered in and around the Green River. The bodies mostly include those of teenage women found naked and without any possession (Morehead, 2012). The police department remained to collect skeletons of unknown women without any trace of the murderer. Over a period of two years (1982-84), the police department listed 49 murder victims and described them victims of the Green River Killer. This could be later followed by the formation of the Green River Task Force that had the mandate of looking into the increased serial killings. The task force comprised of detectives from police departments across the United States. The task force conducted investigations on the murders and obtained a lot of evidence from hundreds of suspects. Unfortunately, none of the evidence gave any definitive evidence that could link anyone to the serial killing (Morehead, 2012). The continued delays in getting hold of the serial killer added budget constraints on the task force, which led to reduction of personnel within the task force. By 1992, only one detective had remained to deal with the Green River case (Reichert, 2005). According to Reichert (2005), in the 1980s, forensic technology was less advanced, which posed numerous challenges during the collection of evidence. In such cases,

Strategic delivery of change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic delivery of change - Essay Example Change management process can be defined as an approach undertaken for transitioning organizations, individuals or teams so as to achieve the desired state in the future. This report deals with two different forms of approaches that can be incorporated so as to deliver strategic change in the organizational system. The problem identified in relation to the case of British Petroleum was accusation at the top management in terms of taking an active role so as to manage aftermath of the disaster of Deepwater Horizon. The major problem was that the organization followed a top down approach and as a result the disaster that could have been prevented by taking feedback from the person in charge of the project and the other workforce was not incorporated in the system. This in turn had resulted into that explosion and triggered a change throughout the organization so that innovative ideas and opinions can be incorporated by the organization for future growth and success. The other problem a rea was that the organization did not maintain transparency as well as proper communication channels with all the employees and neither with the public in relation to conveying the factors that led to the disaster and the initiatives that is taken by the top management so as to restrict such disasters in the future and align their operations towards being eco-friendly in nature. The report would aim at designing the approach that would communicate the change that is needed in the organization to every level and all the departments so as to ensure proper implementation of the change. Storytelling is one of the most dynamic approaches that are incorporated by many companies so as to illuminate needs for change and then generate response or actions. Storytelling approach at all its levels conveys the message to the employees on how they need

Is there a connection between human freedom and modern physics Essay - 1

Is there a connection between human freedom and modern physics - Essay Example Every man has a natural right to pursue happiness but the human thought process is very tricky. This is Maya, and Maya incites the human mind to dance to its tune. Through its thoughts the human mind can create individual and societies but these very thoughts bring it to a state of confusion. Thinking cannot control the forces of nature, says Wilhelm (Ch1, p45). Thoughts like to drown itself in the assumption that it has control over the senses and nature. Ideas are intelligent perceptions but they too can take different forms. An individual has to assume responsibility to express ideas and this may eventually lead to a new reality. This demonstrates the power in human thoughts, and this very power of ideas, reality and thoughts have led to discoveries in science. Ideas have the power to make us believe in the reality or turn the ideas into reality. It also has the power to create chaos. Human beings are always struggling for freedom – freedom not from other human beings but from their own thoughts. Freedom is not external to the self. Freedom lies in one’s own thinking process, in one’s own perception. It is freedom from one’s own confusion. This is precisely what Lord Krishna in Bhagwad Gita has conveyed. Human beings are forever fighting with their own inner selves – sometimes the divine mind reigns Supreme only to be overpowered by the demonic thoughts. Freedom is to evolve from this Maya and und erstand the Reality. It is freedom from the inner conflict and not a fight between two individuals that has been portrayed. Arjuna’s thoughts and ideas formed a chain and distorted the Reality; he was far away from the Truth. Today human beings view freedom as a right without responsibility. Standards of behavior are determined through the use of statistical curves. Money and success is the yardstick of freedom. Money is linked to spirituality. Spiritualism is a profession and those

Strategic delivery of change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic delivery of change - Essay Example Change management process can be defined as an approach undertaken for transitioning organizations, individuals or teams so as to achieve the desired state in the future. This report deals with two different forms of approaches that can be incorporated so as to deliver strategic change in the organizational system. The problem identified in relation to the case of British Petroleum was accusation at the top management in terms of taking an active role so as to manage aftermath of the disaster of Deepwater Horizon. The major problem was that the organization followed a top down approach and as a result the disaster that could have been prevented by taking feedback from the person in charge of the project and the other workforce was not incorporated in the system. This in turn had resulted into that explosion and triggered a change throughout the organization so that innovative ideas and opinions can be incorporated by the organization for future growth and success. The other problem a rea was that the organization did not maintain transparency as well as proper communication channels with all the employees and neither with the public in relation to conveying the factors that led to the disaster and the initiatives that is taken by the top management so as to restrict such disasters in the future and align their operations towards being eco-friendly in nature. The report would aim at designing the approach that would communicate the change that is needed in the organization to every level and all the departments so as to ensure proper implementation of the change. Storytelling is one of the most dynamic approaches that are incorporated by many companies so as to illuminate needs for change and then generate response or actions. Storytelling approach at all its levels conveys the message to the employees on how they need

Analyze the assigned neurological disorder and prepare a report Essay

Analyze the assigned neurological disorder and prepare a report - Essay Example s in the arms and/or legs, in the face muscles, speaking difficulty, dizziness, problem in coordination, headache, vision problems, and loss of consciousness, with these symptoms occurring suddenly within few minutes. Immediate treatments from the doctor is necessary in case of a stroke that includes serving the patient with fluids, oxygen, controlling the blood pressure and if needed to apply medication like the available tissue plasminogen activator. In many cases, the use of a catheter is also made if necessary (Stroke, 2012). Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is similar to stroke and stroke is also at times referred by CVA or cerebrovascular accident. A primary difference between TIA and CVA is the duration where TIA generally lasts for 24 hours while CVA may last for more than 24 hours. Moreover, the effects of CVA are generally more severe than the TIA (Difference Between CVA and TIA,

Impact Of Current Small Networks

Impact Of Current Small Networks One of the ways to categorize the different types of computer network designs is by using their scope or scale in account. Almost every type of design as some kind of area network is referred by networking industry and that is due to history of computer networking. Common examples of area network types are:- A LAN is used to connect network devices over short distance like an office building, school, or home. Generally a single LAN is used, though sometimes one building will contain a few small LAN, and occasionally a LAN will cover a group of nearby buildings. Moreover LANs are also typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization. WAN Wide Area Network A WAN covers a large distance. The Internet is the largest WAN, spanning the Earth. A geographically-dispersed collection of LANs is a WAN. Routers are used to connect LANs to a WAN. Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any one organization they are under distributed ownership and management. LAN, WAN and Home Networking Home users use LAN and connect to the Internet WAN through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) using a broadband modem. Once connected, all computers on the home LAN can communicate directly with each other and they are bound to go through a central gateway, typically a broadband router, to reach the ISP. Some other types of networks are also classified:- Wireless Local Area Network a LAN which is based on WiFi wireless network technology Metropolitan Area Network owned and operated by a single entity such as a government body, it is a network covering a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city. Campus Area Network a network covering multiple LANs but smaller than a MAN, such as on a university or local business campus. System Area Network it is used to link high-performance computers with high-speed connections in a grouped configuration. It is also called as Cluster Area Network. Range of some devices on the network:- Laptop: When using a laptop with public hotspots, a strong Wi-Fi signal is must for successful Internet access and good connection speed. A wireless laptop with limited range will most probably suffer from slow Internet connections. Smart phones, PDAs, etc.: It is perfect to free the most portable of all devices to be freed from wires. For that we need a fast Internet connection (DSL, cable model or wired Ethernet) with a Wi-Fi access point start.   Other than this we use some devices such as Digital Media Server (DMS), Digital Media Controller (DMC), Digital Media Printer (DMPr) etc, for devices on network. Task 2- briefly describe each device participation/role in the network. Example; Router to connect to the Internet, etc. Computer network devices also called communication devices and they have a data communication network. We have routers, switches, hubs, LAN cards, gateway, modems, hardware firewall, CSU/DSU, ISDN terminals and transceivers under this head. These devices are must need for data communication in an Ethernet or WAN network. Understanding of these devices is necessary for an IT professional or a network administrator. After selection of best devices one must ensure that they are compatible with each other. The top vendors are Cisco, D-Link, LinkSys, Baynet, RealTek, 3Com, NetGear, Intel, Nortel, and Lucent etc. These vendors help you get devices. We can reduce the operational cost and enhance the overall performance dramatically by a well designed IT infrastructure with the proper placement of the routers, servers, gateway and switches. Routers:- It is a communication device which is used to connect two logically and physically different networks, two LANs, two WANs and a LAN with WAN. Router is mainly used to sort and the distribute data packets to their destinations according to their IP addresses. Router is a main device for the connectivity between the enterprise businesses, ISPs and in the internet infrastructure. Cisco routers are widely used in the world. Every router has IOS which is routing software. Router does not broadcast the data packets. Switches:- Alike the router, a switch is an intelligent device which is used to map the IP address with the MAC address of the LAN card. It sends the data packets only to the destined computer. Switches are used in the LAN, MAN and WAN. There are three methods to transmit the data in a network via switches i.e. store and forward, cut through and fragment free. Hubs Hub is a central connecting device in a computer network. There are two types of a hub i.e. active hub and passive hub. Every computer is directly connected with the hub. Data packets are broadcasted to all the LAN cards in a network and the destined recipient picks them and all other computers discard the data packets. Hub has five, eight, sixteen and more ports and one port is known as uplink port, which is used to connect with the next hub. Modems It is a communication device that is used to provide the connectivity with the internet. Its working is in two ways: modulation and demodulation. Either it coverts the digital data into the analog or analog to digital LAN Cards LAN cards are the building blocks of a computer network. They are also called as network adapters. A properly installed and configured LAN card is need for computers to communicate. A unique IP address every is there with every LAN card. Different LAN cards support different speeds. Multiplexer It is used to combine the several electrical signals into one signal. Task 3 briefly describe and evaluate the impact of SOHO networks, such as; †¢ limited connections †¢ number of devices on the network †¢ usage social networking, video-streaming, entertainment, gaming, home working, etc. †¢ security Firewalls, sharing folders, VPN, wireless encryption, etc. †¢ Bandwidth constraints †¢ User expectations †¢ Sharing of resources †¢ Use of technology †¢ Communications Bluetooth, 3G, Broadband, etc. The small office home office has gone through a great transformation in recent years as technology has advanced to another level. Small office/home office (SOHO) network is growing in popularity among network types. It is a modern concept for the category of business, which involves from 1 to 10 workers.. To a great extent companies which market products targeting the great numbers of small businesses that have a small or medium sized office use SOHO. Basically it includes less than 10 PCs and may not include servers at all. Network resources such as DNS server resolution and e-mail servers are generally located offsite, either hosted by an ISP or at a corporate office. Cable, DSL, or perhaps ISDN are used to provide internet access for the SOHO network. An inexpensive router is used for the boundary between the LAN and the WAN connections. This router may also serve double duty as a firewall to shield the SOHO network from malicious activity. To provide interconnections between clie nt PCs and the router, and many routers include an integral hub or switch. It has simplicity that is why Ethernet is generally the LAN standard used to wire the SOHO network. Wireless standards such as 802.11b are starting to appear for a vital use in the SOHO market. It eliminates the need for adding LAN wiring in the home. When a small office needs to connect to a corporate environment with security involved then some sort of VPN device is either built into the router itself or on the LAN. We must ensure security for SOHO networks. As there is increase in number of employees so are their sophisticated computer networks in their homes. It comprise a mix of personal and company equipment. Many enterprises believe that practice of conducting work at home on employee-purchased PCs or networking equipment will save them money. However, we are bound to face security problems when users link personal systems to the corporate network. This is most in the cases when enterprises fall prey to false assumptions about the associated risks. While working from home on network-connected personal systems, enterprise data can be dangerously exposed by employees. For security: before turned in for service, users must be warned about the exposure risks of leaving personal and business data on personal systems. PCs with preloaded safeguards such as disk encryption can be a solution too. At least, encouragement should be there for employees to use system passwords and disk encryption. A combination of policy control, configuration lockdown, personal firewall, and central firewall filters to block installation of the better-known file-sharing and remote-control programs can be used. Similarly protection methodology can be used for personal systems. Enterprises shouldnt rely on employees personal equipment and networks conform to enterprise security and privacy standards. They should follow best practices to ensure security. Training and awareness programs will help remind users of the risks of data exposure and the potential damage such exposure can cause to themselves and the enterprise. They can implement thin client computing solutions, which minimize the risk of data exposure on non enterprise-owned systems.

Juvenile Crime Essay -- Juvenile Crime Essays

Juvenile Crime Juvenile crime rates have nearly doubled in most countries. In the news we keep hearing about youngsters got mixed up in shady affairs and committing petty crimes. Firstly they just steal an apple from the market stands, then rob a small shop, next day we learn about a 17-year-old kid who killed his classmates. People are concerned and rightly so. That's all what we do or maybe give them a harsh punishment. It seems that the problem has only focused on punishment and very little on prevention or intervention. There is no single cause of violence but we can certainly list a lot of risk factors, which increase the development of delinquent behavior. These include child abuse and family disintegration, violating behavior, academic failure, school dropout, and lack of contact with the society, fighting with peers and antisocial behavior early in life. In order to reveal the real background of juvenile crime it's obviously not enough to stop at this point. Probably none of the young delinquents were born with aggression, rage and hatred. Their environment and our society have turned them into who they are today. Juveniles have to face the cruel sides of the world too early and they are not well prepared for it yet. Some of them are able to deal with it, some of them are not. The latter shocked by the realization will escape to the world of crimes so trying to hide themselves from all the disappointment. Crime rates are the highest in the more urbani...

The Advertisement of Harmful Products Essay -- Tobacco Marketing

The Advertisement of Harmful Products Psychological Persuasion through advertising: Why tobacco companies are still in business. With continuing advancements in medical research, the harsh reality of tobacco smoke becomes more evident. The deadly effect of smoking tobacco is gaining notoriety in society, and a general social movement towards a smoke-free environment is becoming the norm. Regardless of these obstacles, tobacco companies are determined to stay in business, and absorb the growing backlash against smoking. One main weapon of defense for the tobacco companies is their ability to draw new costumers through persuasive advertising. The majority of new smokers are between the ages of fourteen and twenty-one. Coinciding, the majority of smoking ads are projected to a younger crowd, attempting to dissolve a younger persons's resistance to smoking. Campaigns such as the cartoon "Joe Camel" seem to be directed towards a younger audience. Psychologist John Pierce, of the University of California, says "advertising reduces the conc...

Parenting Children with Severe Difficulties Essay

Becoming a parent needs some planning and preparation—mentally, socially and financially. Depending on various circumstances, parents may not be completely prepared when they have children. Still, having a child with severe disabilities could be shocking for some parents. In such cases, the child will need special care and attention from the parents, as well as from medical practitioners such as doctors and therapists. Parents need to be aware of the condition of the child and look for various ways to help the child become healthy and well. As the child grows up, the nature of stress and difficulties faced by the parents will also change. In addition to the physical needs of the child that the parents must look out for, they will also need to face several psychosocial struggles. According to Hastings and Beck (2004), parents of children with special needs, especially those relating to intellectual disabilities are subjected to stress and mental health-related problems because they need to adapt to social situations. They may experience different emotions depending on the behavior of their child, which they may or may not have control over. Feelings of embarrassment, annoyance and social discomfiture may be felt by the parents in various social settings. 1. Psychosocial Difficulties of Parents of Children with Severe Disabilities Raising a child requires significant investment in time, money and, more importantly, love, tenderness and caring! For a child with severe disabilities, parents may feel overwhelmed with the responsibility they have to bear. Oftentimes, people in the society may view children with disabilities unfairly and may unknowingly look with pity at the children’s parents. Among the psychosocial difficulties of parents are anxiety, depression and anger among others. Some parents find it really difficult to accept that their child has severe disabilities. This denial, then, would backfire and manifest in many ways. In a sense, denial is an escape from responsibility. Parents feel hopeless and unwilling to reconcile what went wrong with the pregnancy or with the disabilities of young children (Lavin, 2001). Anxiety and guilt can also be manifested by parents of children with disabilities. They may blame themselves for what happened and for not loving their children more. They may become conflicted internally—they hover between hating the responsibility thrust on them by their child’s disabilities and at the same feeling guilty that they feel that way. At some point, they may even get angry at the child at the world or at themselves for their child’s situation. Depression may also occur, depending on the gravity of the situation, the social connections of the parents and their ability to cope with the situation. When they are in social situations such as at the mall or in public places, the disabilities of the child may be highlighted and they may feel â€Å"special† as well. If parents are not able to accept the situation of their child and deal with it, they may find it difficult to adjust normally and raise their child well (Olsen & Fuller, 2003). 2. Perception of the Child, the Parents and the Specialists Perceptions and mindsets are powerful. The way that parents view their child with special needs will affect how they treat such a child. While the broader society expects parents to love their children unconditionally, this may be more difficult for some parents. There are parents who may view a child with special needs as a nuisance and an unwanted burden and responsibility. Naturally, such an attitude and perception will resonate in the way that they treat the child. Trained medical practitioners and therapists are able to look at a child with special needs objectively and deliver all the necessary care the child needs. Such caring, however, were arrived at through years of training. This is the reason why parents of children with disabilities sometimes need to go to counseling so as to adjust their perceptions and their view of the situation. The perception of parents are also important for practitioners, special education teachers and other professionals to work with the parents in providing the necessary care and services for the growth and development of the child with disabilities (Bruns & Mogharreban, 2008). If parents and practitioners have the same perception of the child, then it becomes easier for them to work together. As the child grows and interacts with more people in his immediate surroundings and in the broader community where he or she belongs to, collaboration between the parents and the professionals that deliver services for children with special needs becomes even more important. 3. Recommendations for Early Child Intervention Early intervention for children with special needs is necessary so that they, too, could enjoy a normal life. Not because they have disabilities means that they could not contribute meaningfully to the society. In fact, there have been great artists and craftsmen who managed to excel in what they do even with disabilities. Diagnose early. Early diagnosis of the child’s actual situation is very much needed. While a couple may have trouble accepting the reality of their child’s situation, knowing exactly what their child faces will help them get prepared and able to cope with the situation. Consequently, parents should enhance their attitude and perceptions toward the child. If needed, they should seek counseling so that they could better sort through their emotions and deal with any denial, guilt or anxiety they may be feeling. Following such counseling, the parents need to learn how to teach the right behavior to their child. Special education teachers may be able to bring out the best out of children with special needs. Yet, the role of the home and of the parents is still very important in the life of a child with special needs. It is inside the home where behavior is first mimicked, learned and reinforced. Without such learning inside the home, the child will find it difficult to adapt to his world and to the different kinds of people around him. Seeking out schools for children with special needs will also be a good move for the family so as to regulate the child’s behavior early on. 4. How I relate with a child with special needs. It is difficult to imagine myself in the shoes of a child with severe disabilities. But I am sure that I would still have curiosity because of what I see, hear, touch, smell and taste. I would be able to use all of these senses with verifying efficacy. While I may be limited by certain disabilities, that will not take away my senses. As such, I will still manage to use my curiosity to explore my world. As a child, I have felt the warmth of love and care from my parents and from the people that I am close to. Although the parents of a child with disabilities may find the situation of their child difficult, most of the time, they still want the best for their child. If I were growing up as a child with special needs, I would also learn that I have a sense of limitation. Everyone has different kinds of limitations in their lives. The limitations, however, are greater for children with disabilities. I would not help but compare myself with other children since that is a natural part of growing up. That might also be a source of frustration for a child with disabilities. As I put myself in the shoes of a child with disabilities, I could not help but appreciate what I have now. This is not to say that I pity those children with special needs. But it can be difficult—for the child and for the parents. This is why intervention is much needed at an early age when the child’s body and consciousness can be molded rather easily. Any child—with or without disabilities—will always appreciate sincere love and affection, first from parents and then from people around him. Hence, in providing care for them, there should always be a tinge of love and tenderness. Reference Bruns, D. A. & Mogharreban, C. C. (2008). Working With Young Children With Disabilities: Perceptions, Skills, and Training Needs of Head Start Teachers. NHSA Dialog, 11 (1): 54-66. Hastings, R. P. & Beck, A. (2004). Stress Intervention for Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45 (8): 1338-1349. Lavin, J. L. (2001). Special Kids Need Special Parents. New York: The Berkley Publishing Group. Olsen, G. & Fuller, M. L. (2003). Home-School Relations: Working Successfully with Parents and Families. New York: Pearson Education, Inc.

A Wonderful Life Essay

One of the most fundamental mission of our lives has been how can we secure our life from its very uncertainties. Each one of us wants to live a beautiful and joyful life but if we look around and find out, one fact comes out really strong and that is, one who is financially sound and secure is able to enjoy the sweet fruits of life and is able to live a wonderful life. Therefore, securing our lives through financial planning becomes the inner core on which our lives revolve and it is of utmost important if we want to lead a quality life. Saving money is of prime importance as virtually there is nothing tangible that we can have without the exchange of currency. Furthermore, saving gives us a way out from the uncertainties of life and gives us a chance to enjoy a quality and meaningful life. Saving money is one of those tasks that are so much easier said than done. There is more to it than spending less money. How much money will we save, where will we put it, and how can we make sure it stays there? Here is how to set realistic goals, keep our spending in check, and get the most for our money. First and foremost, saving money help to realize our big dreams. As we know, almost everybody set goals to achieve in their life but there are few of them who are really achieve it. For example, a successful person is the one who continually works to make his dreams become true. We can also be among the list of successful persons who are able to achieve their dreams shortly. We can have any dream, but what is important is how we are able to make them come true. We may have the dream of owning a big bungalow, a grand wedding or travelling around the world or something else. However, these dreams cannot be fulfilled in a day as they require a good amount of money to achieve it. Thus, a regular savings can give us the key of fulfilling our dreams in such a simplest way. Besides, saving money is one of the healthy habits that we can practice in our daily life. This means if we are able to inculcate in ourselves a habit of saving, it will pay a long way throughout our life. This is because saving teaches us to be self-disciplined in our life. As for me, just the only a self-disciplined person is able to live in an all-round beautiful and fulfilled life. If we waste our money today then how we will realize our materialistic dreams. In addition, saving also gives security in our life. Thus, it is a healthy habit that we can practise in order to save our money. Therefore, there may be some different reasons for us to save the money but it is crystal clear from the above discussion that saving is highly important for living a secured, happy, and quality life. We can surely realize the powers of money when we start saving. However, we have only one life to live but that one life should be filled with colours of fulfilment and this can only come with â€Å"Savings†. This is because only through savings we can fulfil our dreams, the aspirations of our family and so to the others. Therefore, what I want to say is let the money speak for us through regular savings and become capable of enjoying a long and beautiful life. Apart from that, we should also save money for our family responsibilities and for our personal aspirations. This means if you are not alone and have a family to support, then invariably you are required not only to take care of your own aspirations but also to carry out a lot of various tasks and responsibilities of your family at different stages of life. It may be your child’s birth or your dream of buying a luxury car. It may be also the desire to buy jewellery for your beloved wife or you have a plan to go out on a vacation with your family while travelling in all over the world. By saving money, we already have a saving for the plans. Besides, we could also need some money for the expenditure on our child’s higher education. In today’s world, money is very crucial. Without any saving, we cannot be able to give a good education for our children. From this situation, it is convinced that a good amount of money and saving is a must in such scenarios. Therefore, everyone should starts saving money as much as possible in order to lead a better life in the future. Without we realize, an unexpected and emergency expenditure expenses can come in many ways in one’s life. For example, a sudden situation like a sudden hospitalization, a job loss, an accident, a car breakdown or any other situation might be happen without any sign. Besides that, the financial crisis can also arise any time. Therefore, it is very good for us to have a saving for any such of emergency that can give the much needed and required help to overcome such crises in your life. As a result, our burden in living a life will be lessening. But the most important things is that we did not need or find dependent and search for the support from others, which may at times does not turn up when you require the most. Another importance of saving money is that it provides us with security. We always think that money in the bank will help us out during harsh times in life. Saving money is also a way of planning. Most people keep a certain goal in life when saving money. If one does not â€Å"save it for a rainy day† but instead decides to â€Å"live it up† and spend all their money than they are more likely to face financial difficulties in the future. In this way, people who spend more than save do not take the opportunity to plan. Last but not least, saving money give us a real independence in our life. This is because the real independence comes only with the financial independence by saving our money on a regular basis that will give us the power of living a life of freedom. Furthermore, by savings we can be â€Å"in the right place at the right time†. We will be able to take hold of any advantage that the life puts across to you. Eventually, we can make your opportunities into realities with enough saving that we have. It is proved that by saving money, you will get a lot of benefits for your own goodness. Therefore, I believe that by having enough money through savings it will gives us the chance to grab that life turning opportunity that come just for one time. Therefore, you could not deny that savings can help do all this in such an easy way. In a nutshell, everyone should always think that it is not only about how they earn their money but also about how they spend it. There is an old and common saying that tells us that it is easier to earn money than to spend it wisely. That is the reasons why we should budget yourself by thinking about how much we are willing to spend before we go out to buy something that is not necessary for you. Another good approach is that we need to never buy anything that we did not plan on buying no matter how good a deal we find. This is because it will help to save you from unnecessary expenditures. However, we should always assess what our needs are and buy accordingly. Therefore, do we have to watch our desires, but do not deprive ourselves of necessities. This is the fundamental reason why some people should start the habit of saving today.

What is meant by the term ecotourism and what are the major limitations of this type of tourism?

Ecotourism is among the most popular forms of alternative tourism, it involves purposeful travel to natural areas to understand the cultural and natural history of the environment. Ecotourism itself is difficult to define but it consists of three main elements. The primary aim of eco-tourism should be the conservation of the environment, as this is the most likely reason for tourists coming to the area in the first place. Secondly the tourism should encourage learning and encourage understanding about the natural habitat and the environment. Thirdly the tourism should be environmentally, culturally and economically, sustainable, as without this the industry will destroy itself and damage the surrounding area. Its theses three combined factors that define an eco-tourism attraction. The major limitations of this kind of tourism are carrying capacity and the number of visitors. The type of tourist who seeks an authentic allocentric experience tends to be crowd-sensitive and expect small numbers. Furthermore the attractive resources themselves are often fragile and sensitive to impacts (e. . coral reefs), and have a low carrying capacity. Similar characteristics apply to many of the traditional cultures and their environments. The most obvious way to control visitor numbers and impacts and so sustain the quality of both the resource and the experience is through remoteness and inaccessibility. Although this leads to criticism of the industry, implying that it is only for the rich or the privileged and it also means that the industry is very small and doesn't produce a huge income unlike mass tourism. Another problem with eco-tourism is that international companies use the ‘eco' label as a marketing ploy rather than as an indication of a genuine policy of ‘responsible tourism' and sustainability. Eco-tourism is also very difficult to set up, as it requires a great deal of planning to ensure that it will maintain its sustainability throughout its lifespan. It is very difficult and costly to maintain on eco-tourism facility as it is so very fragile and so requires a great deal more effort than mass tourism. It is also very important that the locals are involved in the eco-tourism as without them it is very hard to maintain the facility and the locals also help to improve conservation in the area. Using specific examples examine the role of tourism as a development strategy. The Impact of tourism is very significant in terms of a development strategy. The Gambia is using tourism as a development strategy, and at present 3000 people are directly employed in tourism, which makes up 10% of the wage earners. Unfortunately 50% of all the employment is part time and seasonal so employees are mostly casual workers with no protection such as healthcare or insurance and they only get paid the very minimum wage. The Gambia has a very desirable climate especially in the winter moths, which along with the fact that there is no time difference between there and the UK makes it a very popular tourist destination. The tourism industry in the Gambia consists mainly of foreign owned resorts, these are encouraged by tax-free imports, no tax on first five years profit and the expansion of the Yundun airport, to provide international trade and visitors. These foreign companies help the tourism industry to prosper yet don't put much back into the local economy or local culture. In fact only 23% of all the profits from tourism in The Gambia go to the destination country due to leakage of wealth. Also due to the large numbers of tourists and facilities with a relatively small local population means that The Gambia has to import agricultural and specialised foodstuffs and spend $105 million a year on these foods. Tourism in the Gambia is heavily concentrated in the Banjul area on the western coast, this means that this area gets much better services and resources than the surrounding area. This creates a poorer periphery area and growing disparities of wealth and opportunity. The high level of development in the tourist areas has lead to rural to urban migration to these particular areas leaving the rural areas impoverished and without a young workforce. This kind of dependency on tourism has created a lot of debt, which the country may be unable to pay back unless the tourism industry is sustainable and keeps producing profits. The tourism industry in the Gambia is very vulnerable to outside impacts. For example there is social damage to the existing culture because of the impact of tourists, particularly due to the conflicts of the strict Muslim religion and the tourists. Also children now see begging as an easy source of income and so become less interested in education and their traditional culture. Overall Tourism is helping the development of The Gambia although it must be kept sustainable or it will destroy the environment and destroy the industry. Belize also uses tourism as a development strategy. Belize is located within Central America just south of Mexico on the east coast. Belize gained independence in 1981 and has a relatively small population of only 180,000. There is very little pressure for development due to the low population and huge areas of natural and unspoilt rainforest, mangroves and barrier reefs. Belize is the American equivalent of what Spain is to the British relatively close and provides tropical conditions. There are two types of tourism used in Belize, mass tourism and eco-tourism. The main example of mass tourism is the Cancun Resort, which was a purpose built tourist enclave, constructed on an island out in the lagoon. This resort offered an entirely psychocentric experience with little contact with the indigenous population and an almost entirely internationalised resort. This resort resulted in a very high level of economic leakage as most of the profits went to he foreign international chains who owned the hotels. This development offered very little stimulus to economic growth and didn't really help the country to develop. This type of mass tourism has tended to create more problems than financial gains and isn't really sustainable. It has created mass rural to urban migration, which has lead to the construction of a shantytown with no clean water or sewage. Within 30 years much of what the tourists originally wanted to see will be destroyed and is already under serious threat. This is all because the resort wasn't properly planned and wasn't designed to be sustainable. The other type of tourism prominent in Belize is eco-tourism. This tourism involves the conservation of the environment with an educational element while being sustainable. However these schemes are not as economically profitable to the host country as they require more planning resources and maintenance than mass tourism. Yet eco-tourism is used to help countries develop as it is sustainable and can be a long-term economic aid. In Belize there are numerous up and coming resorts. There is a community baboon reserve, the barrier reef and numerous areas of tropical rainforest and mangrove. All of these schemes are involved with the local population and are very allocentric. Although because the carrying capacity of the natural environments is very low, numbers have to be kept down so the facilities are carefully planned. These schemes are much more profitable for the locals as there is n leakage form international companies, and it gives the host country a better understanding of their natural resources and how to conserve and protect it.

Drug testing ( stated int he attachment for more info) Research Paper

Drug testing ( stated int he attachment for more info) - Research Paper Example Mandatory testing has been done especially in industries of public transport and those involving public safety. Many organizations insist on drug testing before recruiting employees. In the contemporary era, it has become a necessary procedure of employment, to the extent that any job candidate that does not wish to donate himself for such test is ‘ab initio’ disqualified for the job. Hence, it becomes questionable if the organization is not using the employees as means to an end. The ethical issue of drug testing in selecting lies in the principle of privacy. The ethical principal of privacy states that the individual have the right to his private life without any interference whether from another individual and the state. Universally, the individual is imbued with the natural right to his privacy. This simply means that no body, whether corporate or individual has the right to probe the privacy of an individual. Some people argue that this right is not absolute; that when the issue in question affects the general public, the right might be re-considered. This might be the caveat in which the principle of drug testing in selection rests. Another ethical principle that sequels the right to privacy is the principle of autonomy. Every individual has autonomy as a person. The autonomy which an individual has is assumed to be above any other issue. The principle of autonomy which the individual has stems from the ethical principle of Human Dignity and right in the community. The conflict is indeed between the organizations goal to make money through business and the employee’s right to his private life. Is it morally right for the organization to invade the privacy of the employee’s to maximize profits? There are many voices in this regard. Hence, the nagging issue is the ethical principle in various workplaces can be

Memoir - texting while driving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Memoir - texting while driving - Essay Example The American national traffic highway reports that about ten million US drivers use their cell phones when driving. Consequently, there has been high number of accidents that happen every day in US and the world as a whole. Consequently, there have been many deaths being reported from such accidents. Even the most experienced drivers are not safe from distraction by their cell phones while driving. It is so painful to lose souls of innocent persons from the ignorance of few drivers failing to observe driving safety precautions. Distracted driving has been identified by the national highway security management as a critical issue that leads to many accidents. Such driving is attributed to have caused more than three thousand deaths in the year 2011 (Richard 2014). According to Richard 2014, distracters in driving include, looking away from the road while driving, texting and reading text messages when driving. From my experience in driving, no one would have expected I could have caused an accident. Surprisingly, an experienced driver had caused a minor accident and got away with it. In the last 20 years, road accidents used to be caused by abuse of drugs and alcohol. My experience in driving dates more than twenty years ago. Consequently, one could say that I represent some of the many keen drivers in the country. Nevertheless, I used to check my emails and texts when driving my car, and nothing had happened until some time back last year. I was driving down the streets of Texas in a sunny day. As usual, my cell phone was notifying me when a text just came in. In the next 5 seconds, I just realized that I had hit something before me. My mailbox costed me four hundred dollars to pay for the damage I had caused. I was just lucky not to have hit another car or a playing child. I wanted to make a phone call telling my neighbors that I had done it, but I thought it would be worse making him know that I have caused